2023 Author: Philip Bishop | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-05-24 22:24
- Options for beacons for filling the screed
- Wooden slats
- Metal plaster profiles
- Metal profiles for plasterboard UD 27
- Steel pipes
- Solution walls
- Mortar slides
- U-shaped profile
- Adjustable benchmarks for self-leveling floors
- Self-tapping screws as beacons
- Using adjustable mounts like <> and similar systems
Before installing the flooring, the subfloor is leveled. It must be brought out and filled to a strictly horizontal level. For this purpose, a wet (cement-sand) or dry screed is performed. The final surface is perfectly flat. To outline the landmark level of the future floor, to which the floor should be poured, beacons are installed for the screed.
Options for beacons for filling the screed
The level of the future floor is displayed and indicated with special elements. They are installed on the same horizontal level at an equal distance (between themselves) in the same room. This simplifies the implementation of the screed.
In different cases, different types of beacons are used. There are rack-and-pinion, which are structurally a linear solid structure, used in the arrangement of wet (concrete, cement-sand) screeds. The quality, appearance, duration of operation of the final coating depends on how correctly to set the beacons for the screed. Dry (expanded clay) screed is also performed along the rack elements (their top). For the construction of self-leveling floors, benchmarks (tripods) are installed.
Wooden slats
Pouring the floor using wooden beacons today is very rare, and dry screed on them is performed more often. This method is now almost never used. Wooden beams (from 30 mm thickness) serve as guides, which must be thoroughly soaked in water before use. After the completion of the work, such beacons are pulled out of the set solution, and the resulting voids are filled with a fresh mixture. The level is maintained along the laid screed. In order to correctly position the beacons, their height is regulated by wooden wedges, pads, screws.
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Metal plaster profiles
Today this is the most common method of arranging a not very high screed. Along the line of the future placement of the guides, self-tapping screws are screwed into the floor, screwing in and out of which sets the height of the profiles.
To control the horizontal, a thread, cord or fishing line is pulled between the screwed in self-tapping screws. The zero level of the future floor is displayed, the bumps of the solution are laid out around the thread. To make the mixture harden faster, alabaster is sometimes poured. It's just that cement-sand mounds dry out in 2-3 days (the composition with additives sets within 3-4 hours). Quite often, plaster profiles perform the role of beacons.
Experts recommend fixing the profiles with the same mixture that is used for the entire screed (without additives, alabaster collapses quickly enough). It turns out to be much more reliable, but often special plaster compounds are used to fix the guides.
Profiles are laid on such bumps and pressed into the mixture to the required level. Plaster profiles are easily deformed. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully align the screed with beacons. Using such guides, screeds can be made with a layer of up to 2-3 cm. A thick layer (6-10 cm) cannot be laid out (under the pressure of the solution, the profile will bend).
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Metal profiles for plasterboard UD 27
Plasterboard U-shaped profiles are also used to expose beacons. First, self-tapping screws are screwed into the base (observe the step at 40-50 cm). Their size is chosen so that at least half of the dowel is inside the dowel. The self-tapping screws at the walls are set to the zero level of the future floor (regulation is done by screwing in or unscrewing). To make it convenient to install the guides, a thread, cord or wire is pulled between the walls.
U-shaped profiles are placed with the base upwards over the self-tapping screws. The remaining self-tapping screws are twisted along the stretched thread in order to set the guides to the zero level of the future floor. The rule checks the correctness of the horizontal line, as well as the correct placement of the profiles among themselves.
The installation of beacons can be carried out in the same way:
- on wooden blocks;
- bricks;
- tubercles from solution.
Then, where the screws are located, a solution is placed under the guides.
After the mixture has set:
- the correctness of the horizontal is checked;
- beacons are removed and sealed with mortar.
When the mixture is completely dry, the screed is poured around the profiles.
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Steel pipes
To equip the floor where it is necessary to equip powerful concrete screeds, pipes of various sections are used. Pipes can be used round, rectangular, they are durable and do not deform. In spacious rooms it is more convenient to make beacons for the floor just of this type: the
zero level of the future floor is set;
a cord, thread or fishing line is pulled, you should be guided by it when performing a tie;
mounds of solution are laid out;
pipes are installed on them and slightly pressed;
the horizontal is verified by the rule and the level, the correct placement of the guides among themselves;
the height of the future floor is regulated by indentation, or by placing a solution where there is not enough mixture.
It is easier to set up screed beacons using square pipes.
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Solution walls
First, 2 screws are screwed into the base. They are connected with a wire (fishing line), which is wound several times. The future guide is lined with a mixture to form a low wall, along the top of which it is carried out by the rule. The wall is aligned to the level of the future floor, and a guide is obtained from the solution. The horizontal surface (top of the wall) is a beacon. The movement by the rule is performed perpendicular to the wire, along the heads of the screws. When the beacons are dry, you can finish the screed.
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Mortar slides
To equip a semi-dry screed, it is convenient to install beacons on the floor from heaps of mortar (cement-sand). In the corners, mounds of the mixture are laid, displayed under the zero level of the floor. It is imperative to maintain a distance between the tubercles no longer than the selected rule. The piles dry out, and the solution is placed in the free space. The bumps are used in the role of guides along which the rule moves when the mixture is leveled. This is a good way of arranging thick, high screeds (6-9 cm).
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U-shaped profile
Когда нет специальных реек, мастера применяют П-образный профиль (при обустройстве засыпной стяжки) применяется для выравнивания и контроля количества керамзита. Стенки направляющих составляют 27 мм (когда высота стяжки составляет 30 мм). Маяки оставляются в засыпном материале. Используется и потолочный профиль (60х27 мм), который размещается кромками вверх. Место между кромками, а также пространство вокруг направляющих заполняется материалом. Чтобы разравнять керамзит, правило ставится на маяки и тянется на себя, так удаляется лишний материал.
Correctly placing the beacons under the floor screed is a very important stage in preparing the base for final finishing. The quality and appearance of the flooring depends on this. The need to choose guides from a wet screed remains controversial (or they can remain inside). For removal, an argument is put forward that the metal profile rusts over time, and the screed collapses. You can always buy aluminum guides that are specially designed:)
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Adjustable benchmarks for self-leveling floors
Tripod benchmarks (Benchmarks or point beacons for self-leveling floors) are installed before flooding the floor. The self-leveling floor spreads on its own along the base and forms a horizontal line. Benchmarks are used to control its height. A benchmark is a tripod containing a rod inside. It moves up and down to indicate the zero level. Benchmarks are professional instruments. Several such tripods are required
per room: first, the surface is primed;
benchmarks are installed on the floor after 5-6 hours (observing a distance of 1 m);
the horizontal position of the tie is adjusted on the central bar (using the caps).
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Self-tapping screws as beacons
When equipping a self-leveling floor, self-tapping screws can act as beacons. They are screwed into the base, and then they can be easily removed. They are used instead of professional benchmarks. Self-tapping screws are connected with a cord, twine, which should be guided by when arranging the floor with a self-leveling solution. At the end of the work, until the mixture solidifies completely, the screws are unscrewed.
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Using adjustable mounts like <> and similar systems
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