What Temperature Should Be In Apartments By Law And How To Prove Your Rights To Heat

2023 Author: Philip Bishop | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-08-25 07:54

• Start dates of the heating season
• Possible heating shutdowns
• Temperature Norm Standard
• On the issue of heat loss
• About the temperature norms of the coolant
• Temperature control rules

Maintaining a comfortable temperature and coziness in apartment buildings is a priority task of utilities during the heating season. There is a heating rate in an apartment, determined by the laws of the Russian Federation for all territories of the country. What should be the temperature of the radiators, the air of individual rooms, how and with what devices it is determined.

Who is responsible for maintaining the central heating system in working order, providing a full range of utilities. How do tenants affect the microclimate of the apartment's living quarters and where they can complain about insufficient or excessive heating.

Start dates of the heating season

Russia is a huge country with radically different climatic zones. It is impossible to establish a uniform time for the start of the heating period in order to maintain the standards for heating in an apartment established by the law of the Russian Federation, ensuring comfortable living regardless of the state of the ambient air.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 (last edition of March 27, 2018) unambiguously determines the beginning of the heating period at any point in the territory of Russia. According to this law, centralized heating is started if the ambient air temperature is less than +8 degrees for 5 days in a row.

In the future, maintaining the standard temperature of the premises of an apartment building or multifunctional building is regulated by the state of the coolant supplied to the input of the central heating system. For example, the temperature standards for heating batteries in an apartment in Moscow are no different from the average ones adopted in Russia.

In hospitals, kindergartens, schools, the local administration is empowered to independently issue a decree on the early start of the heating season. This directly depends on the weather conditions (cold wind, rain, snow) and the state of the indoor air temperature.

Possible heating shutdowns

During the heating period, it is possible to turn off the coolant supply in emergency situations. At the same time, the deadlines for stopping the central heating supply have been determined. They are unambiguously determined by the permissible norms (GOST R 51617-2000, paragraph 4.16.1):

• up to 16 hours - provided that the heating rate is maintained in an apartment with a temperature not lower than +12 0С;
• up to 8 hours - if the temperature dropped to +10 0С;
• 4 hours - when the air temperature drops to +8 0С or less.

The management company is obliged to notify the tenants about the temporary shutdown, indicate the planned terms of repair work. Malfunctions of pipelines and their interfaces belonging to the area of responsibility of the Criminal Code should be eliminated immediately (Appendix B, GOST R 51617-2000).

If the permissible norms for lowering the temperature and the terms are exceeded, the consumer has the right to draw up an act on the condition of the air in the dwelling, poor-quality provision of utilities by the management company. The act is the basis for making claims to the Criminal Code and reducing the payment for heat supply, size: 0.15% per hour (RF Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights").

Temperature Norm Standard

The resource-supplying organization and the management company are obliged to provide utilities for the supply of coolant to consumers in full, without interruptions during the entire heating period. In the heated rooms of communal places of residence, the norms for turning on heating in apartments when the temperature drops.

The permissible values of the microclimate of individual rooms are prescribed by GOST R 51617-2000. The standard establishes technical requirements applicable to utilities, safety, health. The document is based on GOST 30494-96 (Indoor microclimate parameters), SNiP 2.04.05-91 (Heating, air conditioning).

The permissible microclimate indicators for individual rooms of an apartment building or dormitory are shown in Table 3, paragraph 4.16.2, GOST 51617-2000. Here the norms are of a recommendatory nature, but the difference should not be more than 1 - 2 degrees. The data is shown below.

Recommended indoor climate standards

Convection plays an important role in ensuring and maintaining a comfortable temperature - moving, mixing warm and cold air. In the second column of table 3, paragraph 4.16.2 of GOST 51617-2000, opposite each standardized temperature indicator, the required air exchange rate or the amount of air removed by the hoods is given.

During the heating season, the heating elements must not be covered with protective decorative screens that hinder the natural air circulation.

On the issue of heat loss

Calculation for heat loss in the design of multi-apartment buildings is carried out according to the reduced thermal conductivity. This is a value that shows how many watts of heat pass in 1 hour through 1 m2 of a wall with a difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures of 1 degree. For example, 380 mm brickwork conducts 0.68 m2 * C / W.

In order to increase heat inertia, reduce heat losses for each area, different thickness of brickwork (380 mm for the Krasnodar Territory, 640 mm for Western Siberia) or monolithic prefabricated reinforced concrete panels (SP 23-101-2004 "Design of thermal protection of buildings") is used.

The maintenance of the entrance in this state is a gross violation by the Criminal Code

Consumers, as well as service providers, have certain responsibilities to conserve the received energy resources, to maintain the necessary tightness of the premises. The RF Government Decree No. 307 establishes such rights and obligations, defines methods of control over the quality of the services supplied, provides a procedure for recalculating the amount of payment in case of violation of consumer rights. Where to go about poor heating and how to file a complaint.

About the temperature norms of the coolant

There is no single standard for the temperature of the heating battery in an apartment for the heating period. According to the Decree of the State Construction Committee No. 170, Appendix No. 11, each boiler house is recommended to have a schedule of high-quality regulation of the state of water in heating systems at the design and current outside air temperatures. There are even two such graphs: for supplying 95 ° C, return 70 ° C and 105-70 ° C, respectively.

Based on these schedules, the resource-supplying organization supplies the coolant of the appropriate temperature. From large CHPPs, superheated steam is supplied through the heating plant to the heating points, where the temperature is brought to the permissible level, after which the water enters the house heating network.

When calculating the graphs, heat losses from the boiler house to the heat point must be taken into account. They are consistent with the schedules drawn up directly for the heating system inside an apartment building.

When it's frosty days, boiler houses have to work at full capacity

With a two-pipe system, the permissible temperature of the coolant supplied to the risers should not exceed 95 degrees. This is due to safety issues, sanitary and hygienic requirements of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 "Heating standards in an apartment". At the same time, the systems should warm up the air evenly, not pollute the surrounding atmosphere with harmful substances, and not create noise.

On the other hand, 95 degrees is the maximum temperature allowed for polypropylene risers or PE-x / EVON pipes. It is this material that is widely used for piping thermal systems in modern construction.

The temperature display of the heating elements is not very important. In fact, the thermal conductivity of the material from which the batteries are made and the number of sections are important. Aluminum heating elements and bimetallic radiators have the highest heat transfer.

According to this indicator, cast iron batteries occupy one of the last places among the heating elements produced by the industry, only the heat transfer from converters is lower. At the same time, cast iron sections to a greater extent accumulate the deposition of salts present in the coolant, which helps to reduce the flow area, the normal temperature of heating radiators in an apartment or other rooms is not reached.

Important! It is impossible to change the wiring diagram when the riser supply of the coolant, to replace the heating devices without agreement with the UK.

With a decrease in the outside temperature, the batteries should become warmer, provide comfort to the residents of the apartment. In any case, heating of heating devices should not exceed 95 degrees (SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10). On the other hand, excessive heat in the room is also not desirable.

Temperature control rules

The control of the temperature norm of the heating batteries in the apartment and the ambient air is carried out in accordance with the rules set out in GOST 30494-96.

Radiator temperature measurement

Measurements are made in at least two rooms with a ball thermometer:

• at a height of 0.1, 0.6, 1.7 meters;
• at the central point of the room;
• the distance from the wall and the heating element is not less than 0.5 meters.

When measuring, the temperature difference between the floor and the center of the room should not exceed 2 degrees.

The abundance of parameters determined by the law is impressive, but not all of them are respected. The number of complaints against the Criminal Code for the heating period is constantly increasing in proportion to the wear of the systems. Everyone will say that it is not a shame to pay for hot batteries, even with the growing cost of thermal energy. Find out more about individual heating meters in an apartment.

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