2023 Author: Philip Bishop | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-06-03 21:41
- Erection of isolated walls
- Conditions for installing partitions in an apartment
- Types of materials for partitions
- Brickwork
- Partitions made of gas blocks and foam blocks
- Tongue-and-groove plates
- Partitions from expanded clay concrete blocks
What are the partitions in the apartment made of? To answer this question, you must first familiarize yourself with the existing materials and their terms of use. Today, a wide variety of materials are used for partitions in an apartment or residential building. Moreover, their type and overall dimensions depend on the purpose of the separated space. But before getting acquainted with the types of partitions, you should understand the very concept of dividing a room or zoning it.
What is the best way to make an interior partition to make the room isolated from other rooms? Here it is better to use a denser or stronger material that has high sound insulation performance. Such partitions in apartments are most often installed in order to create a separate room for children or a study. Here, not only soundproofing is important, but also the vibration resistance of the walls. What is the alternative to plasterboard partitions? Alternatively, the inner wall can be made of cheaper expanded clay blocks, gypsum blocks and foam blocks.
Internal partitions in the apartment are symbolic, and most often just a decoration of the room. They only visually divide the room into two or more specific zones. Such interior partitions in an apartment are most often installed, for example, in the living room to separate the dining room and the recreation area; in a large bedroom, you can thus separate the working area (office) from the main area.
Erection of isolated walls
Let us consider in more detail the methods of erecting insulated walls, for example, internal partitions made of foam blocks or expanded clay blocks in order to obtain a secluded space. But first of all, it should be noted that, according to generally accepted standards, blind partitions can be installed only in rooms with several sources of natural light, that is, in which there are two or more windows. If the partition is erected in other places, then permission from the BTI and the preparation of a new project will be required. Therefore, the first thing to consider is the conditions for installing partitions in an apartment.
Conditions for installing partitions in an apartment
It is forbidden to make capital partitions in the following cases:
- in order to increase the area of the kitchen, bathroom or toilet at the expense of living space;
- in the same way, reduce the kitchen or bathroom in order to increase the living area;
- equip a sanitary unit above the neighbors' kitchen below;
- carry out the transfer of the kitchen to the living area;
- if there is a gas stove, it is forbidden to combine the kitchen and living space;
- divide a living space into two or more with one source of natural light (windows).
In addition to the places where the partitions are installed, some technical aspects should also be taken into account, which will determine what is better to make interior partitions from. These include the following:
- it is forbidden to demolish partitions for the purpose of their transfer, if they are load-bearing;
- installation of heavy partitions should be carried out only on a solid foundation (reinforced concrete monolithic, brick or block, with its density not less than D600, wall); in other cases, walls can be laid from foam blocks 10 cm thick or made using frame technology from plasterboard.
The table below shows a comparison of several materials in terms of their physical characteristics, which are decisive in choosing a particular type.
2 masonry weighs 250 kg. In comparison with gas blocks, the weight of one element is from 5 to 10 kg with dimensions of 600x300x100 mm, they are more than 4 times heavier and, therefore, will create a greater load on the floors. As for soundproofing characteristics, gas blocks and foam blocks have better insulating properties due to the presence of many gas bubbles. But the table also shows how foam concrete differs from aerated concrete, the pros and cons of both types are obvious.
Download. Table of the cost of partitions made of various materials.
Types of materials for partitions
Brickwork
For the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use a material with a low moisture absorption coefficient. This is possessed by a brick or special moisture-resistant gypsum blocks of green color. At the same time, it is better to use hollow material for partitions, since it has a lower weight, at least 30%, but has the same strength.
Brickwork as a partition has several advantages:
- high strength and load capacity;
- walls of any curved shape can be erected from bricks;
- the material is resistant to humid environments and fungal formations, due to poor moisture absorption, it does not form at all.
But there are also disadvantages:
- high weight of the partition;
- high curvature of the surface after laying, which will require additional plastering, but in the case of installing tiles, this does not play a special role;
- high labor intensity of work;
- a lot of accompanying dirt.
Brick calculator in masonry
| Masonry type: | Select 0.5 brick masonry 1 brick masonry 1.5 brick masonry 2 brick masonry 2.5 brick masonry |
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| Brick size: | Single (250x120x65 mm) One and a half (250x120x88 mm) Double (250x120x138 mm) |
| Wall area: | m 2 |
| Calculation to make: | taking into account a mortar joint with a thickness of 5 mm without taking into account a mortar joint |
| Brick consumption: | |
| Solution consumption: |
Calculators from wpcalc.com
Partitions made of gas blocks and foam blocks
What is the difference between aerated concrete and foam concrete? These materials are quite similar to each other, but at the same time they have a number of differences, which are as follows:
- Mode of production. Aerated concrete blocks are made by baking in autoclaves, unlike foam blocks, which freeze under normal conditions and can be produced directly on the construction site.
- Chemical composition. They contain in their composition a greater amount of cement than in the first version, which makes them stronger and more moisture resistant.
- Foam blocks are less susceptible to processing due to the higher proportion of cement.
Considering all of the above, we can confidently answer the question of which is stronger - a foam block or a gas block. Naturally, a foam block, but it has a lower thermal insulation coefficient. In particular, this does not play a big role for the construction of partitions in an apartment.
If the base does not allow the construction of massive and very heavy interior walls, then an interior partition made of foam blocks would be an excellent option. But at the same time, it must always be lined without gaps using tiles, plaster and other means in the case of construction in rooms with high humidity.
Today on sale there is a wide variety of standard sizes of foam blocks and gas blocks for construction. But for the construction of partitions, there are so-called partition blocks. Their standard sizes can be:
- 600x300x100 mm;
- 600x200x100 mm.
An interroom partition made of blocks has a number of advantages:
- Installation of partitions from foam blocks is done quite quickly due to the low weight of each block and its impressive size.
- High rates of heat and sound insulation.
- Good fire resistance.
- High performance of the geometry of the finished masonry.
- Gas and foam blocks can be easily processed with any tools (chisel, hand saw, drill), but it is recommended to use a tool specially designed for this. The hacksaw should have a thick blade and be studded with large double teeth.
- When laying partitions made of foam blocks, doorways up to 80 cm wide can be made without using metal lintels, but only using an adhesive mixture. More details about the construction of a wall from a foam block.
But just like with any other construction, there are some disadvantages due to the following:
- Gas and foam blocks have deviations in geometric dimensions up to 2 mm, which indicates the need to level the wall with plaster mixtures.
- To exclude the formation of fungus in damp and damp rooms, partitions must be treated with antiseptic protective agents. It must be 100% finished with plaster mixes.
- The surface is less durable than brickwork.
Video:
Tongue-and-groove plates
Of no less interest are tongue-and-groove blocks or slabs for partitions in an apartment. This new material, based on gypsum, plasticizer and other hydrophobic additives to increase water resistance, has excellent geometric parameters. Also, each plate has a groove and a protrusion (ridge) in its structure to ensure the perfect joining of the components to each other, forming a single flat surface.
Gypsum blocks as building masonry material have several advantages:
- not flammable, and does not deform after prolonged exposure to fire;
- have excellent geometric parameters, in contrast to partitions made of foam blocks, which indicates a perfectly flat surface and no need for plaster;
- easy to process with any tools;
- have excellent sound and heat insulation properties;
- have a relatively low weight, approximately equal to the volume of the material to the gas block;
- slabs with voids are on sale, which without much difficulty allows you to make the wiring of all the necessary communications;
- the small weight of the slabs and the large geometric dimensions of each block contribute to the prompt erection of walls and partitions;
- the presence of a groove and a ridge makes the wall stronger than the laying of an interior partition made of foam blocks.
Like any other material, gypsum tongue-and-groove plates have disadvantages:
- comparative low strength of the material;
- high water absorption, up to destruction - for the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use plates with special additives, they have a different green color from the usual;
- only special gypsum glue should be used for mounting the boards.
Partitions from expanded clay concrete blocks
Expanded clay blocks for interior partitions are also a good option, because they have good strength, sound and heat insulation, and most importantly, low cost. But one should take into account the fact that a more durable material has lower heat storage properties. For the construction of partitions in an apartment, it is enough to use elements with large expanded clay granules. Expanded clay blocks also have pros and cons, which are described below:
- the most fragile expanded clay concrete blocks have a moisture permeability coefficient much less than foam blocks, and is only 50% versus 85%;
- a less durable expanded clay concrete block has greater strength compared to a foam block, the indicator differs almost twice;
- the laying of expanded clay blocks can be carried out directly on a reinforced concrete base in an apartment, while gypsum or aerated blocks should be mounted on a substrate to compensate for the temperature coefficient;
- these blocks are not prone to shrinkage, which indicates the preservation of ideal geometry after the end of work for a long time;
- on sale there are a variety of sizes and shapes of expanded clay blocks, which allows you to build structures that are complex in shape.
There are no perfect materials, so this one has some drawbacks. The block, due to the presence of a large number of fired clay granules, does not lend itself well to processing with ordinary tools, therefore, it is necessary to purchase discs specially designed for concrete.
